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The Munali nickel deposit is located approximately 60km south of Lusaka in southern Zambia. The project is well served by road, rail and powerinfrastructure as well as water supplies. Munali is 100% owned by Albidon. The project currently comprises two deposits, the Enterprise deposit, also referred to as the Munali Phase 1 project, and the Voyager deposit.
Development of the Enterprise nickel deposit commenced in September
2006 following a positive Bankable Feasibility Study (‘BFS’) and
receipt of the necessary government permits and approvals.
The Enterprise project will produce approximately 10,000 - 10,500 pa
of nickel in concentrate from a 1,200,000 tpa underground mining
operation involving straightforward extraction methods and conventional
processing technology. Enterprise forms the initial part of the Munali
growth strategy, targeted to economically exploit the other identified
lower grade nickel deposits at Munali through the effective application
of additional process technology such as Dense Media Separation
(‘DMS’).
The Munali Project is one of only a very few new nickel sulphide
developments planned worldwide in the next few years. The project will
deliver a high quality bulk concentrate into a market characterised by
strong demand and limited supply. Munali is expected to be low on the
cost curve of nickel producers, with a final direct cash operating cost
of approximately US$3 per pound of nickel in concentrate.
A highlight of 2007 was the Official Ground-Breaking Ceremony for
the Munali project by His Excellency Levy Mwanawasa SC, the President
of Zambia in the company of many distinguished guests from the
diplomatic, political, commercial and local communities in Zambia, as
well as Albidon’s project partners.
The following paragraphs summarise the progress on key elements of
project construction, as well as the Relocation Action Plan (‘RAP’),
through the course of 2007/2008.
Construction of site infrastructure was commenced at Munali and
substantial progress was made during the year. Key developments include
the establishment of the following major infrastructure components:
- Road construction and perimeter fencing are complete;
- Construction of accommodation blocks, offices, stores and security buildings are close to completion;
- Commissioning
of the Munali Concentrator is to be completed in the second half of
2008 and ramp up of mine production to full capacity early 2009.
- The permanent water supply to the concentrator is complete and has been tested;
- 4
MVA diesel power generator sets are currently on site supporting
construction, with the long term dedicated sub-station currently in
testing phase; and
- The underground support infrastructure is in place.
The Enterprise decline has advanced to 1040mL and 1020mL levels and
developments are being made along strike through the ore body. The
north and south decline developments were also extended towards the
third mining level of 995mL, with the ore being intersected two month
ahead of schedule. It is clear from the underground exposures that
there is potential for mining additional mineralisation in the
hangingwall. A major campaign is planned for 2008 to define the extent
of hangingwall ore and to assess the economics of extracting it.
The initial project, Munali phase 1, is based solely on the
Indicated portion of the Enterprise Resource which is located at the
southeast corner of the Munali Intrusion. The present project design
does not rely on, but can be modified to accommodate, possible future
production from the Inferred Resource portion of the Enterprise
Deposit.
From the outset, mine design and planning have been undertaken to
allow maximum flexibility in project development, in particular
expansion of mine production. Following completion of commissioning by
mid-2008 it is expected that optimisation of the project and expansion
of production will be a major focus for the Munali team.
The Enterprise mine is an underground operation accessed via a 25m
deep‘boxcut’ excavation leading to a nominal 5.0m x 5.5m twin decline
at a gradient of 1 in 7. The mine design utilises highly mechanised
up-hole
benching and long-hole open stope mining methods, resulting in
efficient ore extraction and low mining costs.
These mining methods allow for mining from the top down which
maximises early production of ore. Cleaning and hauling methods are
also highly mechanised with applied tele-remote loading techniques in
support of the drive for zero tolerance on safety. The principal mining
contractor is Byrnecut Mining International Limited, a group that is
highly experienced in these mining methods and operating in Africa.
Drilling was continued throughout 2007 with the objective of
providing better detail of the mining reserve at Enterprise for the
start-up of production, and also to provide an initial resource
estimate for the Voyager deposit which is located some 600m to the
north of Enterprise. Current published Indicated and Inferred Resources
for the deposits at a revised cutoff grade of 0.6% Ni are as follows:
Enterprise Deposit:
9.1Mt @ 1.23% Ni, 0.2% Cu, 0.07% Co, 0.6g/t Pd, 0.3 g/t Pt.
Voyager Deposit:
1.2Mt @ 0.9% Ni, 0.1% Cu, 0.05% Co, 0.7g/t Pd, 0.4g/t Pt.
Total Resource:
10.3Mt @ 1.2% Ni, 0.2% Cu, 0.07% Co, 0.6g/t Pd, 0.3g/t Pt.
This amounts to a current metal inventory at Munali of 123,500
tonnes of Ni and 246,800 ounces of platinum group metals (‘PGM’). Over
70% of this total resource has been classified in the Indicated
Resource category under the JORC Code.
Revised long term commodity price assumptions have lowered the cut-off from 0.7% to 0.6% Ni.
The ore will be processed through a conventional flotation
concentrator, comprising a simple crushing and grinding circuit,
rougher, scavenger and cleaner flotation cells, followed by concentrate
and tailings thickeners, producing a high grade nickel, copper, cobalt
and PGM concentrate for sale to the Jinchuan Group of China for
smelting.
Construction of the Munali Concentrator has been done by GRD Minproc.
First Concentrate was produced in the second quarter of 2008.
Following an initial ramp-up period through 2008, production will
comprise approximately 10,000 to 10,500 tonnes of Ni, 1,650 tonnes of
Cu, more than 480 tonnes of Co and 18,000 ounces of PGM in concentrate
per annum.
Scoping studies are underway to assess the potential for further
improvements to the process flow circuit. These studies include: mining
at lower cutoff grade and head grade of ore; and optimisation of
material flow.
The objective is to increase the mineable resource and annual production output, and to maximise metal recoveries.
Indicative specifications for nickel concentrate product from the Enterprise Deposit are as follows:
Ni: 13%; Cu: 2%; Co: 0.7%; Pt: 1.9g/t; and Pd: 7.9g/t.
In addition, the concentrate is free of deleterious element
impurities and also has low MgO content and a high Fe/MgO ratio,
features that are particularly attractive for operators of
flash-furnace type nickel smelters.
Offtake partner Jinchuan Group is currently assessing the
feasibility of building a smelter in southern Africa and if this
eventuates there may be scope to further optimise the project by
increasing metal recoveries and concentrate tonnages by reducing the
grade of metals in concentrate.
An Offtake Agreement was signed in December 2006 with Jinchuan
Group, China’s largest producer of nickel, cobalt and platinum group
metals and a major producer of copper. The offtake arrangements include
substantial project funding commitments from Jinchuan, as detailed
below.
Albidon has successfully managed the construction of the Munali
Nickel Project to be delivered ahead of time and with a capital cost
increase of ~25% realised for the project to date when compared to the
estimate developed in the Bankable Feasibility Study in 2006.
The increase in costs is attributable to the continuing escalation
of costs in the mining industry worldwide. Cost increases cover all
facets of the project, including raw materials, equipment, labour,
power and fuel.
This area of cost management will receive close attention through 2008 and beyond.
An Offtake Agreement was signed in December 2006 with Jinchuan
Group, China’s largest producer of nickel, cobalt and platinum group
metals and a major producer of copper. The offtake arrangements include
substantial project funding commitments from Jinchuan, as detailed
below.
The Munali project is being funded by a mix of debt and equity as follows:
Equity funding: US$40 million was raised from Albidon shareholders,
US$15 million from Jinchuan Group and US$10 million from ZCCM
Investment Holdings plc.
Debt financing: up to US$80 million of senior debt is being provided
by Barclays Capital and the European Investment Bank as joint lead
arrangers for the project. The Jinchuan Group will provide an
additional US$20 million in subordinated debt.
The Munali Project is being constructed and operated in accordance
with the Equator Principles and the conditions and guidelines approved
by the Environmental Council of Zambia. The Environmental Management
Plan (“EMP”) is currently in draft format and is scheduled to be
submitted for approval in April 2008. Environmental programmes are
already in place in support of the EMP and environmental audits have
been conducted with satisfactory results.
The Relocation Action Plan (‘RAP’) is a key component of the overall
Munali project. The RAP is the result of a detailed Social Impact
Assessment undertaken as part of the Bankable Feasibility Study and it
has as its primary objective the comfortable resettlement of members of
the Munali community that formerly occupied areas that will be
physically affected by the operations.
Planning for, and implementation of the RAP has involved continuous
close consultation with the local community and its representatives.
The Company particularly wishes to acknowledge the high level of
support and cooperation it has received from the Munali community and
the people throughout the Southern Province of Zambia.
Phase 2 of the RAP program is now complete and an additional 18
households are in the process of being re-located. Phase 2 included the
establishment of road infrastructure, water boreholes, a local brick
factory, cement brick houses and preparing maize and other product
fields in support of the traditional culture of the surrounding
community.
Phase 3 is scheduled to start in mid-April 2008 and the company has
decided to train and employ the local community as the RAP construction
team. The programme is fully supported by the community, the
traditional leaders, local and central government.
The community development programme is also scheduled to start early
in 2008 and will include the HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention
programme and the Malaria Rollback programme, already implemented in
December 2007. Initiatives such as a mobile clinic in conjunction with
the government unit and the construction of a skills training centre
are scheduled in the programme.
During the recent floods in the Southern Province region, the
Company assisted the flood victims in local communities through the
provision of food and other needs.
The Malaria Rollback programme started in October 2007 with the
assistance of government support groups and has focused mainly on the
following initiatives to date:
- Spraying of houses and buildings on site and community villages against mosquitos to a radius of 25 kilometers;
- Providing free testing to all employees, contractors and the community; and
- Providing
free anti-malaria treatment to employees, contractors and the community
through the establishment of a mobile clinic taking the service to the
villages.
This effort has reduced the level of recorded malaria cases and the
programme is scheduled to continue with the input and support of local
leaders and government.
A number of initiatives have commenced to investigate options for the future growth of Munali.
A Scoping Study is underway to examine development options for the
Voyager deposit which could either increase the annual production rate
at Munali or alternatively could extend the life of the project beyond
10 years. Additional drilling will be undertaken in 2008 with the
objective of locating more ore between Enterprise and Voyager and
down-dip of both deposits.
The Company has recently approved an upgrade to the concentrator to
increase production from the project to 10,000 - 10,500 tonnes of
nickel in concentrate per annum. The concentrator capacity will be
upgraded to 1,200,000 tpa. Capital costs for the upgrade are estimated
at US$2.5 million and the upgrade will be funded from cash reserves.
The application of Dense Media Separation (DMS) at Munali is
currently being investigated through a Scoping Study. Preliminary
testwork shows that Munali Enterprise ore performs well when subjected
to DMS. The use of the DMS process will potentially allow the
profitable processing of lower grade nickel ores, thereby increasing
overall contained nickel tonnes. The application of a lower cut off
grade will require a re-focus on the exploration potential of the
Munali Intrusion.
This exploration refocus will include the Enterprise Mine and
Voyager resource, as well as targets to the north of Voyager such as
Intrepid (previously known as the North West Target) and Defiant.
Enterprise, Voyager and Intrepid will be subject to additional drilling
programmes in 2008 to update the resource definition.
As
mentioned above, drilling continued at Enterprise and Voyager in 2007
and was successful in increasing the confidence in the Enterprise
resource and in providing an initial resource estimate for the Voyager
deposit. This programme will be continued in 2008 with the objective of
locating additional ore between these two deposits and also down-dip.
Drilling will also be directed at assessing the resource potential
of the Intrepid and Defiant target areas in the northern part of the
Munali Intrusion, based on the fact that the geological setting of the
mineralisation intersected along the southwestern side of the Munali
Intrusion is consistent, with the same controls on nickel sulphides
over the entire length of the intrusion (over 2.5km).
The exploration programme for 2008 will include ground
electromagnetic surveys aimed at locating new zones of mineralisation
to the north of the Munali Intrusion, based on structural geological
work that suggests the Intrusion may plunge in a northerly direction.
Exploration
drilling in the northwest portion of the Munali Intrusion near the
Intrepid and Defiant exploration targets indicates a north-western
plunge to the Munali intrusion. Ground EM is planned to cover the
potential extension of the Munali intrusion to the northwest. Ongoing
drilling and scoping work are planned for the Intrepid Target as
potential sources of additional ore for the Munali plant.
Revised mapping at Munali has updated the geologic map of the Munali Gabbro.
An
evaluation of the Munali Fault Zone was initiated in the second quarter
of 2006, commencing with an electromagnetic (VTEM) survey on a 60km
corridor along the fault. This survey identified a number of conductive
targets which were systematically evaluated through reconnaissance
geological mapping and, where warranted, by geochemical soil sampling.
The results generally indicated prospectivity for sediment hosted
copper mineralisation rather than for mafic to ultrarmafic hosted
nickel.
These programmes led the Company to focus exploration efforts in the
Chikani area, approximately 25km to the south of Munali. Three
reconnaissance diamond drill holes drilled in 2006 identified a zone of
approximately 35m drilled width containing sulphide bearing black
shales with copper bearing sulphides. This appears to be the source of
the copper anomalism in the stream and soil sampling. Ongoing work is
focused on evaluating the potential for sediment hosted copper style
targets similar to the Copperbelt.
Further interpretation of regional data led to the recognition of
three additional major fault structures, as well as the south-easterly
continuation of the Munali Fault. An extensive programme of stream
sediment sampling to evaluate these four structures was commenced in
2006 and completed in 2007 with 1,575 stream sediment samples collected
during the 2007 survey.
Drainages with copper values greater than 50ppm copper are clustered
in the Chikani and Luwanya areas. This is the current focus of ongoing
field work. Anomalous drainages were field checked and locations for
grid soil sampling were selected in the Chikani and Luwanya areas.
Approximately 2,400 soil samples were collected in late 2007 and the
results are currently being evaluated. This will form the basis for the
evaluation of drill targets in 2008.
The Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral
Resources and Ore Reserves (the ‘JORC Code’) sets out minimum
standards, recommendations and guidelines for Public Reporting in
Australasia of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves.
The information contained in this report has been presented in
accordance with the JORC Code and references to “Indicated”, “Inferred
Resources” and “Probable Ore Reserves” are to those terms as defined in
the JORC Code.
Information in this report relating to exploration results and
mineral resources is based on data compiled by Mike Dunbar (a
consultant to the Company and full time employee of the Mitchell River
Group) and John Schloderer (an employee of the Company), who are both
members of The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. Mike
Dunbar and John Schloderer both have sufficient experience which is
relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under
consideration and to the activity which he is undertaking to qualify as
a Competent Person under the 2004 Edition of the Australasian Code for
reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves.
Mike Dunbar and John Schloderer consent to the inclusion of the data in
the form and context in which it appears.
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